People relax, provincial Simo to the article .....

 Greedy centipede centipede
said that God created when the foot is not made for it, but it can still climb and snakes quickly. One day, it saw antelope, deer and other animals with legs run faster than it faster, was very unhappy, they envy said: the foot. , has been posted from the beginning to the end, until no place to put up, it was reluctant to stop.
it looked contented himself covered in the foot, heart secretly secretly pleased: Like to fly out! foot will not stumble upon each other and move forward smoothly.
Thus, even before it went fairly slow.
when the desire arises, and then can not fill a big appetite. However, corruption and more The results really happy? really is the best? learn to accept yourself, enjoy yourself, so that we can learn from the abyss of desire to be released and free.
two frogs have two frogs are not careful
fell into a bucket of milk, one of them that there is no way out, and certain death, did not struggle much to give up hope, sank to the bottom barrel. the other frogs, and not willing to give up, move your feet to kick, milk by its Stir again and again, but still gradually formed butter, the butter hardens, leap frog legs, easy to jump out of buckets. In the face of despair, you can then hold on, always unexpected miracle occurs. whatever things result, at least I have tried, myself have no regrets.
the wall of the notes
a widow's only son, her hard adult raised, study abroad and have achieved, at a U.S. well-known company where he and his mother still lived a lonely life of a person, so often hold to her neighbor, the son of filial piety. her neighbors, said: : all hundred-dollar bills. br> best in the world player
Qing Ming Chen Zuo like playing chess, and chess skills were very few enemies. On one occasion he was incognito visits to elderly people in the street saw a Baiqi array, and write signs a: then shame visible. insurgency in Xinjiang when the tang back, see old people actually also sign hanging in there, he was very upset, and ran and the elderly play chess, but this time even three lost three wars, was trounced. again the next day, still tragically lost, he was surprised why so many elderly people within a short time, chess can progress so much faster? old man smiled and replied: about to set off, so let you win, so that you have confidence hit the big time. now triumphant return, I dare not polite. to give way to the overall situation. At this point if things are so you feel uncomfortable,

Crime donkey (fable translation)

 Xi Yang
Once there was a lion, a leopard, a dog, a donkey sitting in fields, the sun burning, no rain, the river dried up, dusty fields, without food.

2010-10-28 Translation

U.S. translation


MSN the perfect space to move to the Sina blog!

Lions, said:

then, the donkey said: made a big sin, in a village near, I found a poor man's cow, I kill it and eat it. No, no, that is not criminal. In the past, the old woman scared off, I killed her goat. dog said: considered criminal. I ate the roadside grass. / p>

they all jumped up and killed it.

Gray income and national income distribution (below)

 Gray income and national income distribution (the)
(This report is the outcome of Economic Reform project, the text published in the CITIC had to delete special apology to the reader.
Third, solving the real income of urban residents
1. Group revenue projections for urban residents
the above model (2) estimates of each parameter (see Table 5), statistical sample of the group Engel coefficient, as well as control variables in the national average assignment into the model (2), you can launch down the Engel coefficient corresponding to different levels of per capita income. Table 6 (abbreviated) according to the model of these Analysis of projected results, and group statistics, and the use of group analysis also lists the results obtained to compare.
see from the data in Table 6, compared with a group of the Engel coefficient and obtained through the model and the Engel's Coefficient the relationship between income level these two methods, the results obtained on the whole, relatively close. their low income, low-and middle-income level of these three groups of revenue projections, although the statistics are higher than those of different income levels, but the overall difference is not large (the results of analysis of which model more closely.) upward from middle income group is projected gap between revenue and income statistics was expanded. the biggest difference is the highest income group, in which the results of comparison group was 16.4 million, the result of model analysis was 13.9 million, respectively, statistics of income and 3.19 times 3.76 times. These two results reflect the basic pattern of income distribution is the same, but also with the results of the 2007 report (2005 data ) By contrast, data from different sources, but with higher similarity.
Table 6 shows, mainly due to high-income and highest income group, income gap, estimated by model analysis received an average per capita income in cities and towns 32,154 yuan, not the Bureau of packet data by the weighted average of 16,885 yuan, 15,781 yuan, or Bureau of Statistics. projections and statistics about the number of double the difference.
in Table 7 (a little), we also provide 2005 and 2008, two of the projected revenues (2008 results by model analysis) and statistical income ratio. We found that in 2008 (after the highest income group) high-income group relative to the projected revenue income statistics differences became larger, but overall is still the largest difference between the highest income group. we are not included in these statistics as hidden income in the income of the last column in the table are calculated in each group revenue in the hidden hidden the proportion of total income. Obviously, hidden income mainly concentrated in the highest income households.
results of the above two projections, group comparison possible error will be larger, which is caused by two reasons. The first , group analysis only by calculating the average Engel coefficient of each group and the average income level, the Engel coefficient and corresponds to a particular per capita income. but can not rule out factors other than income on the Engel coefficient. but these factors on the survey statistics of the sample and the effect of the sample may be different, so calculate the level of per capita income may not be accurate. The model law outside the control of the revenue impact of factors on the Engel coefficient, and calculate the national average of these factors impact. The results obtained in these under the influence of the Engel coefficient corresponds to a per capita income levels, and therefore should be more realistic and more accurate.
Second, the group analysis by re-grouping according to Engel's Coefficient approach, in general, to avoid the survey sample distribution sample distribution and statistical inconsistencies while the overall error of the income distribution. However, this method of calculation of the average income of each group are still with the group related to the distribution of samples. The survey sample The distribution of the group may be the group with the statistical distribution of the samples is different. Although the overall distribution of this will not be great, but we can not rule out the possibility of a certain error. For example, the highest income group of urban residents and the lowest income group, income level of the group may not equal distribution, but were inclined to low-and high-end. However, the survey sample distribution within the group, may not comply with this feature. The model law is based on income and other factors on Engel coefficient coefficient deduced directly from the Engel coefficient of the corresponding income level, the accuracy should be higher than the comparison group.
the above two considerations, in the following calculations, we will model analysis (model 2 ) of the estimated results.
Figure 2 (slightly) more intuitive given the projected income of the two methods and statistical comparison of income. You can see that both methods are consistent, but also some differences. which obtained by model analysis of high-income group was significantly higher than per capita income comparison group obtained by the per capita income, and model analysis of the highest income group per capita income of less than obtained by comparison of income groups.
In addition, For comparison, we report the study in 2007 estimated data for 2005 compared with the statistical data behind the map is also on Figure 2 (omitted). These two plans are similar, showing the two surveys and the basic consistency of research findings .
also be pointed out, in the 2007 report, the authors survey sample to determine projected according to income level groups may be the positive direction of the error, so do the projections down to a certain extent. From Table 6 shows that after reduction 2005 projections are not adjusted with the number of processing projections for 2008 the ratio of the number compared with the same statistics, only the (second) except high-income group. It seems that, when the reduction is reasonable, and even then the error may be mainly to comparative law from the group itself, so this method using the model projections to eliminate this error.
but also re-emphasized here, where the projection is only solved the problem of under-reporting of income statistics, and statistics is not resolved Data missing in high-income samples, so in fact the highest income residents here on the projected per capita income to some extent may still be low.
This situation is reflected in our survey sample. by group comparison method of investigation After the sample group, there are a few high-income sample failed to include the seven income groups. This is because the family Engel coefficient of these samples lower; add these samples, the highest income group, the average Engel's coefficient will be lower than the statistics Engel's coefficient of the highest income group. In this valid samples, 76 samples were excluded high-income, and their per capita disposable income of 40 million yuan, the average income of 66 million. Their average Engel coefficient only 0.224, while the National Bureau of Statistics sample of urban households in the highest income group, the average Engel coefficient was 0.292. It seems that, in the statistics department of the urban household samples, and may rarely include the per capita income of more than 40 million households. so strictly that the highest income group is not here, the residents of the highest income group, because there are a number of higher income residents are not included.
but we can not use the survey sample to reflect the statistics of high-income residents in the case of omission, This is because we can not know people were missing in all high-income urban families occupy what proportion of these survey data can not not included in the distribution of high-income sample was left to represent the high-income country sample distribution, Because the distribution of survey sample with the national distribution of higher income residents may not be consistent. And, in our survey sample is also still missing. In the survey sample, the highest household income per capita disposable income of 1.76 million , higher than the income of the sample was not included.
This also from a side note in the survey, higher income residents have been left out. And we are here to take the two projections Engel coefficient method can only correct the existing statistical sample of under-reporting of income and can not correct the omission caused by high-income sample problem of low income statistics. so to some extent, we are can see that in 2008 accounted for 10% of the highest-income households of urban residents, per capita disposable income of 13.9 million, rather than the statistics show 4.4 million. a difference of 3.2 times. the highest-income households are not included in the statistics of these Implicit in the income of urban residents accounted for 63% of the total hidden income. coupled with a high income group, 20% of high-income urban residents in the hidden income of urban residents accounted for 80% of the total hidden income or more. < br> Accordingly projected income gap of urban residents, 10% of urban households by group, in 2008 the highest income of urban households with the lowest income families are the real per capita income of 5350 yuan and 139,000 yuan, the gap is 26 times (last report The projected gap in 2005 was 31 times), and calculated according to statistical data only 9 times. (The income gap is smaller than the last projection projections, mainly because of the projected per capita income of the lowest income group than in high income statistics 12%. This, in turn related with the following conditions: a small number of samples in the survey sample did not include a negative income, because they are not under normal circumstances, low income, and their negative operating loss of income caused by temporary . but does not include these samples, to a certain extent, improved the projected income of the lowest income group. It is estimated in the statistical sample in this case was not removed. This may be projected income is higher than the lowest income group a major cause of income statistics.)
20% with the highest income urban families and rural families in the lowest income 20% to approximately represent the country's highest and lowest 10% income households [1], then 10% of the country's highest per capita income of families was 9.7 million, while 10% of the lowest per capita household income is 1,500 yuan, both 65-fold difference in 2008 (projected for 2005 is 55 times), and calculated according to statistics only 23 times.
believe most of this hidden income occurred in the town. income of rural residents approximately statistics assume that is true, the use of projected income of urban residents per capita income data instead of statistical data, and rural per capita net income statistics (weighted average of group) were multiplied by the number of urban and rural populations, you can approximate the national population by 2008, total disposable income of 23.2 trillion yuan [2], but if the statistical data by urban and rural household income calculation, the national income in 2008 totaled only 14 trillion yuan. In comparison, the hidden income of up to 9.26 trillion yuan, more than in the 2007 report of the projected revenues in 2005 recessive (4.85 trillion yuan) expansion has nearly doubled (up 91%). In the same period, nominal GDP grew by only 71.4%. This shows that implicit Income from continuing to grow faster than the speed of the rapid expansion of GDP.
includes hidden in their income, the country in 2008 than in 2005, disposable income grew by 69.3%, with nominal GDP growth rate of close to synchronization. while the official statistics calculation (not including hidden income), the national disposable income in 2008 than in 2005 only increased by 57.4%, far behind the growth of GDP. So the proportion of its GDP from 2005 of 48.4% to 44.5% in 2008, down by 3.9 percentage points. Obviously, the implicit rate of income growth is much higher than normal revenue growth. were calculated by statistical data and data calculated per capita disposable income of urban people, National disposable income and the total proportion of GDP, the growth rate during the period 2005-2008, as well as the growth rate of nominal GDP, see Table 8 (slightly).
3. from other sources verify the hidden income
To test the reasonableness of these projections, in addition to methodological issues need to be explored, is more important is to look at projections degree of agreement with the facts. a long time, income statistics, macro-economic data, housing, cars and other luxury goods sales , there are many apparent contradictions or inexplicable place. And if the above projections of hidden income includes income of residents, these contradictions largely disappeared. The author believes that this should be reasonable to test whether the projection of a major method. If there is a huge hidden above the estimated revenue, it also bound to the macro level in the national economy reflected in a series. Here we try a few different ways to authenticate.
(1) household savings and consumption Total
2008, according to urban-rural income statistics and projections of urban and rural population, urban and rural household savings amounted to 3.55 trillion yuan (here's savings and disposable income is defined as the difference between the consumption). This is the residents real savings is it? exist in different forms of household savings, or directly, indirectly, for a variety of investments. so we reflect the macroeconomic level, the net investment in a variety of information about people finishing Total (net lending), can be approximated The total savings projected population size.
This year, the national financial institutions balance of savings deposits of urban and rural residents increased by 4.54 trillion yuan (we know financial institutions should be more accurate data), indicating that residents use only savings deposits in financial institutions, some in excess of the projected savings by income statistics 1 trillion total.
the same year, sales of 2.12 trillion yuan of commercial housing (not including second-hand housing), the amount of net growth in housing loans to individuals 300 000 000 000 Yuan, spent 1.82 trillion yuan of household savings.
the same year, rural housing investment spending 371.1 billion yuan individuals. survey found that urban residents are also very common in personal housing, owner-occupied housing in the urban residents account for approximately 15% -16%. Although the incidence rate is lower than in rural areas, but significantly higher than the amount of investment units in rural areas. estimated total investment of not less than the self-help housing in rural areas. And such investment loans rarely used, mainly from personal savings. Accordingly estimates, urban and rural residents from the building using a personal savings invested 700 billion yuan.
2008, the owner's income and savings formation. services funded by private individuals invest no less than industry estimates of private investment, should be more than 1 trillion yuan. secondary and tertiary industries, enterprises, and 28.74 million households have individual licenses for self-funded private investment, and construction of such private investment, roughly estimated at between 5 billion trillion yuan m1. several together, the secondary and tertiary industries to from personal savings and private investment estimated at between 2.5m3 trillion.
2008 ��, A-share market stock market capitalization has shrunk 50.9% compared with 2007, while the Shanghai Composite and Shenzhen Composite Index fell 65.4% and 62.4%, recorded a decrease of magnitude greater than the market capitalization has shrunk; two-phase offset, the year is still estimated investment of 1.35 trillion yuan of net absorption. Treasuries and corporate bonds amounting to 1.7 trillion yuan. If you press the third of these investments computing personal funds, stocks (A shares) and bonds to attract private savings, a total of 1 trillion yuan.
In addition, residents of futures, gold, foreign exchange and other financial products, investments, cash on hand together with the residents and foreign deposits items increases, roughly estimated 500 billion yuan (perhaps underestimated). [3]
the above together, the total amount of the 2008 National Savings should be at least 11 trillion m11.5 trillion yuan, rather than by income statistics Data calculated 3.5 trillion yuan. This shows that there is at least 7.5 trillion trillion yuan m8 invisible income residents are not included in income statistics. In addition, household consumption statistics calculated according to consumer spending was 9.46 trillion yuan total . Although consumption statistics and missing less than income statistics, the survey found that the omission was a considerable range. If by missing a conservative estimate of 20%, it means that the consumer has been underestimated by nearly 2 trillion yuan. and underestimated the savings add up, in 2008 the actual total amount of invisible income residents should be at least between the 9.5m10 trillion yuan. This analysis method based on the model above the projected 9.3 trillion yuan of hidden income is consistent. < br> more than this, not only in 2008. on the recent macro data analysis, can get similar results. but also by the macro data analysis shows the total amount of invisible income, there is growing trend.
(2) price earnings ratio
According to foreign experience, usually residents of commercial housing price is 3-5 times the annual household income is affordable, or else the housing market will not have a good development. The statistics calculated by revenue, income of urban residents of the house about 10 times more than has been the housing market has continued to hit, which is always a mystery to face domestic and foreign researchers .2008, commercial housing sales 21000 billion in 2009, soared to 3.8 trillion yuan. If the income calculated according to statistics, net lending, which is far more than 10% of the highest income of urban households of all income. This is a statistical data can not explain the phenomenon.
According to China's statistics of 2008 income of urban residents, per capita disposable income of 15,780 yuan, the average family size was 2.91 people, combined family income of 45,900 yuan, while the same year, sales of 2.12 trillion yuan of commercial housing, a total of 593 million square meters, by an average of 110 square meter each, the estimated 5.15 million units sold, average price of 411,000 yuan each, the statistics show the average household income of urban residents for 9 times. while the same calculation, in 2007 and 2009 are more than 10 times. This is far beyond the capacity of urban residents. It should also be taken into account that part of the family is from real estate speculators to buy second-hand housing, the price they actually pay more than the original һ�ַ� prices, which are not included in the new home market the price. But this did not prevent the continued hot housing market. These phenomena show that the average income of urban residents may be underestimated more than doubled.
according to statistics, the number of urban households accounted for 20% of the high-income families (the highest income 10 % and 10% of households in high-income sub-total) per capita income in 2008 was 3.5 million, an average annual household income of 89,000 yuan. The average price calculated by society, and their price earnings ratio of roughly 5 or so. This means that even high-income families, in 2008, is only barely able to afford housing in the range of edge. The fact that this is untrue.
1990-2009 cumulative years of commercial housing sold over 46 million units total, more than the town The total number of high-income families (about 41 million). Survey data show that a considerable number of high-income families actually do not need housing (with public housing, provide housing, or high-income residents, their standard of housing prices far higher than the average price of social standards, and about a third of high-income families have a second, three or more residential. these descriptions and income residents far more than the actual income level is underestimated doubled.
(3) the family car and income
according to China's private car ownership statistics, in 2008 China's privately owned small and micro cars 28,140,000 If urban residents by 90% of calculated penetration rate of urban households has reached 12.1% of household vehicles (per one hundred family car with 12.1), indicating that 20% of total urban households in high-income families, has no car will be removed as part of the family, the car has been basically universal. actually some middle-income families has become a car class. car ownership and annual statistics on the number of licenses issued basis, should be accurate. and according to a sample survey of urban household income, per one hundred urban households owned only 8.8 family car. nearly one-third less than the former. This shows from another angle, household sample survey omitted a considerable number of samples of high-income families. and more obvious contradiction is that a car household income statistics do not own a car.
family car if the average price at 10 million, 2 million in related costs (fuel, maintenance, insurance, inspection, parking fees, toll fees) dollars, usually at least 20 million yuan to support the annual household income. According to statistics, 20% of the high-income families an average annual disposable income is only 8.9 million, minimum 6 million, far below the level of popular family cars. The projections in this report the previous results, 20% of urban households that the actual average annual household income of about 24 million to 12 million per floor, most with a car capacity. This again shows the statistics of high-income residents income been seriously underestimated, the report projected in front of their income is largely consistent with their ability to buy cars.
(4) Other
urban residents listed above to remove the housing, automobiles, etc., of urban residents in many other spending is income statistics can not be explained. One example is the foreign consumer .2008, the number of national travel abroad more than 40 million people, equivalent to 20% of urban high-income families per one person. If you assume 1 / 3 is business reason to deduct the remaining for tourism, visiting relatives, studying, etc., spent 30,000 yuan per capita basis, residents of this country expenditures reached 800 billion yuan. This part is not included in total retail sales of social consumer goods in domestic expenditure, the same can not be found in sources of income statistics.
also reported in China each year hundreds of billions of private capital into the foreign bank; According to Ministry of Public Security officials estimate that China's annual outflow of gambling money to at least several hundred thousand billion billion between. [4]
four gray income and its source
1. huge invisible income to what?
in national income distribution, there is such a huge amount of invisible income, and distribution of highly concentrated, obviously can not simply be explained by statistical missing. According to the first part of Table 7 of this report projections, the low-income residents a certain extent, there is a tendency to under-reporting of income, generally in the range of 0% to 30% range . These can still be seen as normal income statistics omissions, mainly with the survey may be some psychological state or social environment. But more than high-income residents in the hidden a substantial increase in income, especially in the real income of residents in the highest income up several times the revenue statistics, indicating the reasons for the existence of a deep system. The main part of the hidden income, is no longer a normal income statistics missing, but can only be explained with the gray income.
on the concept of gray income recently caused some controversy. have a saying: gray income is the illegal income, but only Another argument emphasizes the concept itself definition, can not clearly determine the income of legal or illegal. even though the do nothing to solve the problem. This may also explain, solve the problem of gray income deeply touched some people's vested interests, is bound to encounter strong resistance.
we use the concept of gray income, usually refers to two situation. the first case, real life, some income, because the legal system or not clearly defined, so in the middle ground between legal and illegal. to illustrate with an example, civil wedding, accepting the gift of family and friends gifts, both folk customs, but also permitted by law. Even in the party and government officials, relatives, children who, if within reasonable limits, it may not be able to simply prohibited. But some officials by their children, spend lots of money received on behalf of relatives of the wedding, convergent wealth, even hundreds of thousands, millions, in essence, accepted bribes. This requires laws and regulations of officials accepting gifts gifts for relatives of the situation, the amount of the plot and the boundaries delineated a legitimate, and the establishment of viable methods of supervision . crossed the line, must be strictly prohibited, shall be punished for illegal income. But there is no clearly defined laws and regulations in cases, such revenues can only be counted as gray income.
another example, enterprises, institutions or government agencies pay in addition, to provide some incentives and benefits of employees, in general it is normal and legal behavior. But some government agencies or state-owned enterprises with a monopoly position, generous expense of public funds to the various name to the officials, corporate management much higher than the market or to provide regular employee benefits or additional benefits, may also escape the tax, which is actually against the public interest. This is a class which is so often the case, is the violation of discipline, but not illegal. the laws and regulations This did not make clearly defined circumstances, such income is only to describe the gray income.
, of course, does not rule out some legitimate income, the law does not explicitly given their legal status, which turned gray income. < br> The second scenario is that some suspected illegal income from unknown sources can not be found in its illegal circumstances, can only be viewed as a gray income. for example, by the frequent appearance of insider trading, false to obtain real estate auction income, through inside information, spreading false information, market manipulation in the stock market, futures market to obtain profits, and government officials for personal gains, trading power for money obtained by the interests and so on. But if only the public or the person suspected plot, but can not get hard evidence and can not be treated as illegal income.
has exposed the illegal income, after all, a few cases, we are discussing here, the gray income, in addition to including its legality is not clearly defined income, but also covers most of the fact of the illegal income.
former case, the description of the legal and institutional imperfections, so that many areas of income distribution, and loopholes exist fuzzy interval; post a note in the legislation and enforcement , there is a disconnect between supervision on some important areas of economic activity, the behavior of public servants lack of effective supervision; both lead to a distorted distribution of national income. When a society when a large number of gray income, the natural system that has serious not sound or loopholes. This is a dangerous signal that the national income distribution from the regular track. Therefore, to solve the gray income and the income gap is too large problems, the key is not how to define the gray income; the lack of targeted talk ; ban to effectively regulate the national income distribution.
2.
gray source of income in the market economy, based primarily on distribution of national income paid to factors of production, that is divided into labor, human capital, capital, land and other natural resources in return. the market economy does not spontaneously ensure equitable distribution of income, but in general play is conducive to economic efficiency; because under competitive conditions, the high rate of return of factors of production, would receive a higher return, thus income distribution through the promotion of the efficiency incentives; and the free movement of factors of production but also to ensure optimal allocation of resources.
but any society requires government involvement in the distribution of income. because the community must be part of the resources or output used for public infrastructure investment and maintenance, the macro-control, promoting technological development, to ensure national defense and social security. As the market economy can not guarantee the fairness of income distribution, but also need the government to establish social security, public services and transfer payment system to improve income distribution. These are not spontaneous market mechanisms to complete. developed in the 20th century, experienced a series of institutional changes in this area, reducing the unfair distribution of income, but also reduce social conflict, the traditional capital of the jungle from the past Evolution of doctrine to the more humane capitalism. These changes enhance social harmony and stability and, indirectly, protect the sustainable development of the economy.
these cases than described in the abstract economic theory of income distribution is more complex. II the tenth century the development of economics, despite the economic externalities on public economics, the macroeconomic balance and macro-management of Keynes and Keynesian economic theory, and information about elections, public policy and public interest, public choice theory, each covers some aspects of income distribution, but overall progress is still lagging behind these theories of social practice, can provide relatively limited guidance.
One important area is how to ensure reasonable public resources and the income use and distribution. control of these resources or personnel authority, driven by interests, it is easy to meddle in its use or distribution process, occupation of these resources, or use of these public resources for personal gain. In this case, originally used for ensure social equity of public resources, may become prey for the privileged few, but exacerbate the unfair distribution of income.
Broadly speaking, the executive power itself is a public resource. because those in power who can use administrative powers to intervene in income distribution, resource allocation and socio-economic activities, through the abuse of power against the interests of other members of society.
so-called gray an important source of revenue is generated around the power of corruption, malfeasance, corruption and other rent-seeking. This not only requires the use of public resources and authority to make the exercise of strict legal definition, and the establishment of a series of relevant rules and regulations, and require the use of public resources and strictly monitor the distribution process. rely on the government to self-supervision not enough, the key point is to make government more transparent, so that the general public to supervise the government.
in the current case, the gray income often closely related to the following phenomena:
(1) money trading, abuse of power
according to a 2006 survey covering the whole country four thousand, for person in charge of answering very much regulated industry, the situation is more serious. which answers informal payments 23%, chemical raw materials and chemicals manufacturing industry 24.2%, are significantly higher than average. [5]
direct misappropriation of public resources is also quite common. According to the National Audit Office on the 2009 central budget implementation and other financial income support the audit report, a sample of 56 central departments have been suspicious invoices for reimbursement of 29,363, found a false invoice 5170, charged to fund 142 million. have a situation can do to make comments, that is selling fake invoices has become a full-scale industries, who openly selling fake invoices and advertising is not only seen everywhere in the city, these ads are fully ...

Track and field, Asian Disaster

 Track and field, Asian Disaster
47 gold medals, all of Asia only been three, the United States divided up the 14, the leader of China as Asia to get a gold. World Championships in Athletics is a look at a reading of the game princes .
Fortunately, I was invited to the Mizuno Corporation, Osaka watch a few games, live television, feel and very different venue like the anti-monopoly war in Asia, Europe and America in track and field stadium to face the rule of Asians even in the starting line can stand to win the final thunderous audience applause and cries. Liu Xiang, the final moment, the Osaka stadium seems all the Asian people vent field, from his entry and exit, the applause, and shouting Sound on without interruption. this moment, the hero Liu Xiangcheng the whole of Asia.
glory days of track and field events too few Asians, each competition brings the pain in Asia is vague, Europe, the United States and Africa taking 80% about the history of the medals are still in continuity, and this dominant position is still no sign of wavering.
too many gaps, making the track and field in Asia and Europe has no comparisons of luxury, the Asian countries has changed this comparisons of ideas, than in Asia and the Asia --- This is a poor idea. In Asia, nearly 10 years the Japanese are out in front, this time a World Championship gold without the Japanese, the Japanese media called a ; catastrophic The Chinese team won 4 gold medals in one fell swoop, just under the 12 U.S. medals table the second column in August 116 at .1993, three Chinese players Qu Yunxia, Zhanglin Li and Rong Zhang swept the top three women's 3,000 meters; 5 days later, Wang Junxia and Zhong Huandi has won the women's 10,000 m Gold Medal; the last day of the world's leading players ahead Liu Dong Youyi 3 seconds O'Sullivan won the women's absolute advantage in 1500 meters gold medal, winning the women with Huang Zhihong shot put gold medal, Chinese players in this session of the World Championship to win 4 gold medals unique, this is the most glorious history, a World Championship, after the eighth race, China won seven gold medals.
again look at the history of other countries in Asia, beyond the three gold medals each country few and far between, it was said: they are fundamentally not the Asian Track and Field to play the game, although some far-fetched, but there are also some truth. After all, Liu Xiang does not prove a short span of Asia The rise of the project, more athletes in the United States, Europe and Africa have proved their superiority in track and field.
Asia awkward in trying to please, but we find a way to still not a hundred years of ridiculous.

Photo Changsha Team decoration decoration design decoration company image - Changsha decoration company installed ...

 At present the budget to provide general home improvement company, calculated only the cost of the construction site renovation for this situation, a home design home improvement overall cost of a calculation of the budget system, easy to use, easy for users before the renovation calculate their overall decoration of the costs, while the proportion of control of various fees, to avoid spending money in the decoration of the late one at the expense of other projects, resulting in incomplete home improvement.
how to budget? <> a , the budget, you should do: <> 1, before the renovation should be determined according to their own economic situation into a general number of the fitting. <> 2, settling in a new home, we must also think of the decoration houses, buy furniture, appliances and accessories to buy home improvement supplies, and other three large costs, not only consider the cost of the construction site renovation. <> 3, to understand that the budget is just decoration company to do the construction site renovation costs should be complete Includes: on-site construction costs + renovation costs + purchase of furniture decoration electrical / accessories cost of supplies, and decoration and construction funded mainly by the following components: the main decoration materials fee (total about 55% -65%), DPM fee (about 15% of the total amount to 25%), labor costs (about 15% of the total amount to 25%). <> Second, a home budget steps: <> Choose a room or furniture, Electric / Accessories �� �� fill the room in the project area in order to select the desired item box �� �� OK to commit the selection into the mall. project selection and calculation can be repeated, remember not to omissions. the number of column is automatically calculated the number of parts, some are required to complete However, the number can be rewritten. The price column is automatically quoted to follow the brand can also be rewritten. <> the following example to illustrate through a home improvement how to allocate limited funds, how to spend wisely. <> example size chart: <>
summer approaching, many families began massive construction projects moving from the decoration mind. However, single-minded in your chosen style of decoration decoration design fantasy object or when the occupancy new homes, you have to pay attention to project quality , in particular the construction of the hidden works can be said that the top priority of the renovation. Today, we come on home improvement on a > <> hidden works, by definition refers to the surface, not out of the project, generally divided into pipelines and structural engineering. Pipeline project mainly refers to the electrical lines, water supply and drainage, laying on the floor of several major aspects of structural engineering is refers to the weight of the internal structure of housing. These works seem like much, but their importance should not be overlooked, if installed <> repair time workers sloppy, really no end of trouble, so specific in monitoring the construction workers, we should note the following point :<><> 1, electrical transmission line project <> <> electrical lines generally throughout the entire house, so safety is especially important. There are many specifications of copper wire, according to the actual situation of choice . considerations of safety and maintenance, power line should be set PVC pipe, use the elbow joints, if the live wire can handle better. purchase wires must go to a regular mall to buy building materials, but also to provide treatment to ground .<><> 2, to the drainage works <> <> hot water pipes go on the water, the proposed selection PPR pipe, this pipe is not easy to damage and fouling, and toughness . The traditional life of galvanized pipe generally only 7-8 years, and rust caused by pipeline blockage, try not to choose. pipes and ware tight junction to ensure the watertight, ground water is also a key project, general bathroom to choose odor type floor drain .<><> 3, floor laying <> <> wood floor layer in the keel Xianpu Blockboard, this could make the floor by the force uniform, increase foot feeling. Do not forget insect preservative placed in the keel to prevent the termites, thus extending the life of the floor. laminate flooring is more convenient, general requirements can be laid flat ground, if ground is not very smooth and solid wood flooring can be the same as the keel and the hair shop floor. Another point to note in particular, must be cleaned following the keel, a lot of decoration company will ignore this point .<><> 4, partition primary <> <> usually require packet column Qi Hao with red brick and set aside in the brick observe the mouth in order to repair problems. wipe the surface of cement to do the best napping treatment, to increase the tile adhesive force .<><> 5, Ground Primary <> <> grass-roots level the ground requirements of the most basic and most important, or laying on the floor or tiles later have an impact. However, the bathroom floor requires a 2% slope, and do water treatment. < > <> 6, the ceiling grassroots <> <> ceiling has been hung on the roof, should not handled properly, will have serious consequences. ceiling and floor and the keel and the combination of veneer have to do a good job, while the affordability of the ceiling should have a reasonable estimate must be based on affordability to select lighting, do not just look good to the neglect of safety. Keung
home improvement company is currently only available calculation of the general budget of the construction costs of field renovation, for which a situation, a home design home improvement overall cost of a calculation of the budget system, easy to use, easy for users before the renovation calculate their overall decoration of the fees, the fees while controlling the ratio of good to avoid in the decoration of the money spent on one at the expense of other projects later, resulting in incomplete home improvement.
how to budget? <> a budget, you should do: <> 1, before the renovation should be determined according to their own economic situation fitting into a general number. <> 2, settling in a new home, we must also think of home improvements, purchase furniture, appliances and accessories to buy home improvement supplies and other costs of three large, can not consider only the cost of the construction site renovation. <> 3, decoration companies to understand the budget to do the construction cost of renovation is on-site, complete should include: on-site construction costs + renovation costs + purchase of furniture home improvement appliances / accessories supplies for , while the decoration and construction funded mainly by the following components: the main decoration materials fee (total about 55% -65%), auxiliary costs (total about 15% to 25%), labor costs (about total of 15% -25%). <> Second, the home budget steps: <> Select the room or furniture, electrical / Accessories �� �� fill the room area needed in the project box to select items �� �� OK to commit the selection into the mall. project selection and calculation can be repeated, remember not to omissions. the number of column is automatically calculated the number of parts, some need to fill out, but the number can be rewritten. The price column is automatically quoted to follow the brand can also be rewritten . <> the following example to illustrate through a home improvement how to allocate limited funds, how to spend wisely. <> Sample size chart: <>
into the twilight years in the future, from psychological to Many physiological changes occur on both. To the old design of the room furnishings, we must first understand the characteristics of these changes and the elderly. To adapt to these changes, old age should be doing a special room layout and decoration. <> decoration to person's physical characteristics, in general, physical decline, and some also suffer from age-related diseases. Even some of the smaller volume of music, for some older people also cries the collision. so be sure to prevent noise interference, otherwise it will cause adverse effects. <> <> furniture to daily life is inseparable from the furniture should be fully taken into account. In order to avoid knocking, those who see the corner of Founder see the edges of furniture should be better. In all the furniture, beds for the elderly into the essential. Southerners like to use spring bed is not suitable for the elderly is too narrow, the level of the elderly beds to be appropriate, should facilitate the up and down, and lying in bed sleeping under the bed when the self-created daily, and will not hurt a little lax on the sprain. <> <> ; color to color, which is the experience of the elderly, the relevant experience. With all the proliferation of new decorative materials, interior decoration has changed in the past color of the wallpaper, wall covering, wall carpets, floors covered with wood floor or carpet. If the wall with white, butter yellow, pale pinkish purple color of such simple and elegant, can be equipped with lively, not boring furniture was also optional for the wood based on the natural color, painted furniture in different reagent can also use dark brown, camel, brown, pearl white, beige and other artificial color of the furniture. light-colored furniture look light and bright, dark furniture, smooth look solemn may be the elderly according to their preferences. walls and furniture, a deep one shallow, complement each other, as long as the contrast is not strong, you can have a good visual effect. <> <> layout to ;> <> From a scientific perspective, color and light, heat, the harmonization and unification of the elderly to give added enjoyment of life, it is mental and physical pleasure, help eliminate fatigue, being revitalized. elderly generally with visual Well, get up in the night to urinate more often, and the evening light to moderate intensity. And do not forget to have potted flowers in the room. Green is a symbol of life and is the source of life, with green, the room suddenly alive, it can adjust the indoor temperature, humidity, indoor air fresh. Some elderly people like to aviculture, builds character in several more brittle Tiniao language, make life more fun. the flowers placed before a couch, easy chair more practical or wicker chair, the effect will be better. <> <> old bedroom fabrics, beautiful or not is the crowning touch to the room. sheets, bedspreads, curtains, curtain, pillow, sofa cloth, table cloth , wall colors and other solemn or simple, elegant or clean, should be coordinated with the room's overall color, pattern is also a concise as well. should be used on both the insulation material, dust, noise, but also beautify the bedroom materials. <> <> In summary, the elderly, home furnishings pattern should be the basis of their physical condition. furniture to fully meet the requirements of the elderly from lying convenient, practical and beautiful combination of decorative items should be less should not be complicated, should be a straight line, parallel to the peaceful transition arrangement to sight, leading the eye to avoid the mandatory factors, the overall unity and strive to create an environment conducive to physical and mental health elderly, friendly, comfortable, elegant environment. <>
concept has been re-decorated modern decoration transition to focus on decoration, furnishings, bedroom .<><> bedroom is the most private of the space, open mind people harbor, it needs is a quiet, comfortable and warm, so the complicated shape of the ceiling, the subject of exaggerated eye-catching wall here are of no useless, it only fitting to provide a background, creating the mood of the bedroom, the establishment of style and taste of the show, mainly by housewives in the ; <> soft furnishings in mind to create the overall style <> <> soft furnishings due to a variety of items related to a variety of materials, all kinds of items, material between the color, shape, number and mix of echoes become a headache for many people. In fact, this rather specialized problems can simplify the processing, that is to grasp the Even though there are some small local not ideal, but also not affect the overall situation. To grasp the overall style of the bedroom, the first style to be of several types have some basic understanding of .<><> 1, European classical. This style bedroom with a beautiful Roman blinds, luxurious comforters and wool carpets, and elegant oil lamps and noble to achieve Yong Rong Huagui decorative effect. be noted that to avoid too much damage to the luxurious decoration the natural home atmosphere .<><> 2, Chinese classical. This fresh and elegant style to the main bedroom, Floral curtains, transparent curtain, scroll paintings and scholarly rich Narcissus, Man bamboo and other green plants have become indispensable to the soft classical Chinese style decoration .<><> 3, modernism. This style emphasizes function first, to practical and comfortable for the principle, there is no sign of soft furnishings, and the eclectic as its features. The advantage is that with a flexible and easy to produce changes, but also easy to fix loss of the messy, difficult to form a unified style .<><> bedroom soft furnishings should be concise < > <> bedroom not the living room, showing the mean less leisure and more means, so no excessive jewelry, simple, easy is better, too many colors and materials will not only cause visual fatigue, but also will occupy valuable space. So we said: Let the bedroom into the bedroom, and not become a grocery store
bedroom style and color selection of women for each
are eager to have a female romantic perfumed boudoir. bedroom style and color choice is particularly important. a fully reflect the personality self-bedroom, make your bedroom a romantic mind sees overflowing .<><> innocent type <> This type of woman is full of lovable. or yellow, bright colors create a fun and sincere atmosphere. curtains and bedding should be used instead of naive and lively patterns, showing a relaxed and comfortable life, gentle .<><> demure type <> design the main tends to calm and soft. can be used with some gray or light blue blue combination, will produce very peaceful, tranquil effect. can also be used with lavender and light green to produce a Fan is fantastic charm, charming show tolerance. sober, elegant floor curtains with the same colors of the quilt, pillow, people feel at home. a touch of warm color, supplemented by soft cotton yarn fabrics, creating a World .<><> Xiuwaihuizhong warm type <> in the design style to fully reflect the refined and elegant hostess. color aspects of uncertainty should use the most light colors such as yellow with a small amount of white, will be the formation of pale yellow. This will make all the white color brings a warm feeling of the room, natural light causes soft shadows, and highlights the architectural detail, to achieve the purpose of design elegance. together with willow rattan furniture, paintings and wood pieces pendant decorated with a rich book will reflect the taste of women to pursue a career oriented culture .<><> <> bedroom design in the style of these women should focus on the characteristics of solemn tenderness in compatible, should not be too too emotional, should be concise, precise. tone should have appropriate supporting them cool and neutral colors. such as the use of plain wallpaper, plus a rational pattern inlaid ceiling. and warm colors of the curtains, bedding, display type can be the cause of women gentle side. room is best ornaments of a goldfish tank, or green, can make the room full of angry, white-collar Beauty show interest in life.
interior design and decoration is to satisfy the people live, work needs and spiritual needs of the ideal internal environment for the design, is closely related to people's lives, so quickly developed into a highly professional, very practical and emerging interdisciplinary. reporter recently interviewed our contemporary environmental art design professional one of the pioneers and academic leaders, famous designers, professors, Xue Jian, Institute of Environmental Art and Design hosts Mr. Xue Jian, asking him the phenomenon of contemporary interior decoration interior design for analysis and to analyze the development of a new trend. The following is the full interview:
First, the phenomenon of contemporary decoration
1. design <> For our part, renovation design has not been standardized, the design team is still in the formative stages. even professional design units, although many of the professionals, but due to various reasons, the international advanced decoration and maintenance, lack of real understanding of the domestic market but also the lack of objective certainty, thus raising the level of the design constraints. < > on the materials, technology, processing technology, construction equipment, a comprehensive understanding, is a designer must have common sense. However, there is many of our designers are familiar with these areas is not enough, many design things on paper only, to implement many of the problems will appear. <> to design drawings to be fair, a lot of problems, mainly in: the dimension is not uniform; many of machined metal parts, no process symbols and processing requirements; drawings inconsistent Ministry of standard, national standard mixed use, more of what the standard does not; irregular arrangement drawing, drawings, the size is not standardized; the lack of review process at all levels, the drawings are not timely detection of errors, resulting in many engineering problems, and so on. As Many renovation projects, without drawing Keyi situation, not uncommon, resulting in many projects is a problem, can not find the source, to repair serious problems. <> some decoration companies, not their design strength, often there is now, temporary asked people to draw a few pictures, in most cases is the construction-site decision to change the design, not to make any record, arbitrary and engineering there is no seriousness at all. In addition, some construction workers working on experience, regardless of the performance of the integrity and character design, resulting in the effect of departure from the post-renovation design intent. As for the East to move West copy, patchwork, that would be more common, these are serious obstacles to raising the level of the decoration. <> on the designer's training, the early days, our country set about establishing professional schools of arts and crafts, set up in 1956 the Central Academy of Fine Arts, where architectural profession, is to develop interior design, building renovation professionals. For decades hundreds of trained professional designers, these are the backbone of the decoration industry. However, because of its vast population, the reform and opening up, a large number of construction projects in urgent need of renovation of many designers. Although several institutions have opened the interior design have been However, due to lack of professional teachers, in particular, lack of experience in design and practice of teachers, poor teaching conditions. even some so-called training, fall short. causing a serious shortage of designers and quality is low. In addition, due to renovation industry, international less of academic exchanges on the current international design trends, a lack of understanding, designers to design more with books and materials, copy of the wind, Sheng, works much the same, the style is not high. <> must be noted that the design of modern decoration, There is also a phenomenon, so is the so-called national air network inherit and carry forward the issue. As the expansion of the national style is not appropriate to the role of inheritance made a serious distortion of meaning, therefore, retro style of Tai Shing. In some of the more large scale engineering construction and decoration, it is common to be imitated and distorted the so-called traditional decoration. What is more, in some modern transport, electrical and other construction and commercial facilities, to increase the hard roof of a building, glass tile, etc. , rest, recreation and other needs of existing efforts to create a truly modern Chinese decor. <> in the promotion of modern decoration style also should be avoided and overcome the ; of decorative style. in the concept of some designers, for many reasons, the misconception that the decoration is modern should have their own style, including the spatial organization of individual performance, with modern decoration materials and use of organic equipment, lighting, furniture, furnishings, decoration and other supporting innovative ways, in addition to close cooperation and coordination with the environment. This Everything is an important condition for creating personal decoration. Do not copy other people's things, not to copy what the ancients foreigners.
2. process technology <> should be recognized that the construction of the current capacity of decoration than the reform and opening up ago, have been greatly improved. several large integrated Decoration Engineering Company, with a more comprehensive professional construction equipment and construction personnel. process technology also some foreign companies have little difference. of course, aggregate level, In some construction projects the level of the construction process there are different degrees of difference. <> on the developed countries in the international aspect of the decoration is changing rapidly, new materials, replacing the old material, but also including a variety of surface materials and binders, fasteners. while a variety of supporting materials, such as kinds of sanitary ware, hardware, lamps, furniture, etc., are also constantly updating and upgrading. China has still a wide gap between these areas. mainly due to higher than the level of basic industries low, high-tech investment in these industries much, not enough attention to the problem. For example, metal parts, metal parts made in China for several decades, there are few changes and enhancements. and abroad, hardware, variety, style new, high level of technology and the continuous influx of new products and markets, although the price is high, but still loved by the people, the decoration was widely adopted in construction. In some high-grade construction decoration, all imported goods used. In technical staff in many industries to meet the introduction of equipment and technology, but how to improve through the introduction of their own, and then play out of turn, which in the minds of many of us are considered small. <> decoration materials gap , the solution is to import. but how to improve the technology level, we can not rely on imports, and this requires our strict requirements and continuously improve the technology Tuishang Qu, decoration industry in China to make a big difference. <> True , technology level, will not happen overnight, it takes time, it involves improving the overall quality of the construction team, including: education level, technical level, the identification of the drawings, the grasp on the material properties, assembly capacity, the arts appreciation and so on. In these areas, relatively speaking, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in south China's construction team to be higher overall skills. Guangdong Province earlier due to exposure to renovation, and by the impact of Hong Kong and Macao, the decoration industry in China has played a leading role in them. Northern decoration industry started late, therefore, generally weak in the technical renovation team, for some, such as stainless steel, aluminum, glass screen, high level of stone construction, performance was generalized. With the increase in renovation work in northern, some larger scale the north decoration company strength in the design and construction capabilities, has also been improved, and can engage in high levels of surface decoration. <>, however, we must also see that in some areas late start , decoration industry, there is still a very serious problem. For example, poor quality construction, pay attention to safety, fire, and thus injuries continue to occur. In some places of entertainment, because of wires, circuit caused the fire because, to the casualties, economic costly, these phenomena have sounded the alarm for the decoration industry. As a general process quality problems, such as laying the ground uneven, uneven walls, ceiling and a large area, corrugated, wood decoration rough surface paint in good visual and tactile flu, it is not uncommon in a. <> With the social and economic development, people's living standards improve, more international exchanges close, decoration industry has become increasingly cited people's attention, but also for decoration technology more and more high-level requirements. how to adapt to this situation, and love every one in the industry, engineers and technicians and construction personnel, to understand the situation, a clear mission, unity and struggle. on the various factors that affect the quality of the project to one by one analysis, planning, constantly overcome. on the process issues, to we have a good grasp of all aspects of the technology will progress, renovation work will get better and better.
3, materials use <> present from the variety of decoration materials, basically to meet the terms of the use of decoration, The main difference is not material and abroad. For example, in the rubble stone, singeing stone, polished stone, marble, its color a lot. metal materials, aluminum, stainless steel, and a variety of steel, sheet metal, pipe, profiles, all kinds of metal connectors, fasteners, etc. are basically complete, there are ash wood, teak, pine, etc., and another plate, sliced, thin, wood-based panels, fire panels, various types of decorative panels. soft material of the kinds of wallpaper, fabric, leather, skin type ... .... All these materials and import of Chinese products exist between different levels, according to engineering requirements and cost limits, general domestic material can not be met by the use of imported materials, materials, as imports material cost is higher than the domestic materials, and some even much higher. now more widely used in polished granite, in many projects, investors require the use of imported goods, refused to use the made in China. The reason is of good quality imported granite surface. the same stone, made not as polished surface finish goods imported skin treatment, which fitting quality is influential. For domestic materials to a level close to imported materials, processing equipment must be improved and improve the management level. <> In some works, the domestic materials to the construction if the heart can also be decorated to make high-quality results. It is worth noting that in the renovation project, the use of materials tend to pursue high standards of many projects in China seemed more prominent. size of the project must use some granite, stainless steel and other expensive materials. it seems that only high-grade material used to show the high level of decoration. In fact, using multiple high-grade materials, and also reduced its price. gold with a more will make people feel tacky. To change this phenomenon, it first has to proceed from the design. designers should, as painter, for the material to design, careful scrutiny, with the general high-grade wood materials to frame <> expected, so high-end look more elegant. some foreign brand-name hotels, where the post is not to use granite, stainless steel, teak and other for the surface, Hong Kong Grand Regency Hotel good service, giving a very good feeling, worthy of the world-famous five-star hotel. <> painting with color, often heard some beginners, lamenting that he will not use advanced color. In fact, senior color (not referring to the quality of paint) does not exist. The so-called high color, that is, the artists use color appropriately. decoration materials, but also with the artists use color, like gold, silver to decorate the screen, could be very failure of the works, a touch of gray may be the world's famous paintings. with some logs (after rough) and some rough stone, to decorate a bar, a room in a corner of the lobby senior to make a use of long, white or blue square the same color of ceramic tile veneer, urban color look dull. Then there are gray polished granite used for the outer wall layer of material, the color distance a gray, cement plaster and no < > What is the difference, this problem of inappropriate use of materials, the same can not highlight the performance of individual buildings. cities need to change the building, in particular the need bright colors, outstanding personality of the building facade. exterior decoration in materials, wool stone, paint, pottery, glass, metal, etc. can be used in conjunction with the age o 70 stone exterior wall of water brushes, dry paste stone, terrazzo and other local practices to do, there are good results, should not be completely abolished. Materials As the design to go with, designers should consider the architecture and environment system disk to make careful choices, make our city look a big difference. <> decoration materials using chaos, is currently appearing in our fitting Another noteworthy issue. here that confusion is a renovation project, large and small, what aluminum, stainless steel, glass, wood, mosaic, etc., regardless of location, occasion, like what what, with The chaotic, people looked confused. material use, as making a fuss, but also there are times the Lord, a clear theme, point, line, surface, proportion of use is appropriate. materials to use the situation well, not only will produce good overall sense of and will also create a different ambience, impressive. <> Science and technology are the basis for production of decoration materials, therefore, do a good job research, increase the variety and decoration materials, decoration materials to improve the scientific, technical , is the development direction of modern decoration materials. <> of decoration materials production levels, the more developed countries there are many gaps, especially in the variety and quality, the gap is even more obvious. In recent years, China has also production of decorative materials, the introduction of many production lines, but one technology can not keep up, one big production of things people are out, so we are always in a backward position. If these problems are not resolved, our decoration materials, relying on imports tend to have to continue. So, our comrades are calling for nationalization of the decoration, I am afraid to difficult. <> wallpaper color small, poor quality, high-end project can not be used. decoration serious neglect of scientific research, between yes or no content, how to innovate and improve, very little consideration. decoration industry in China is a country with huge potential, many foreign investors are eager to squeeze, how to occupy their own piece of the site, can not be good to keep a cool head about. <> decoration by material, but also by technology. modern decoration design not only high, more high-tech and clever use of materials by these two points, let us take the long view more, to fight for technology and materials are to a raise, and create a brighter future of decoration.
Second, renovation of the future trends
21 century is approaching, people are looking forward to the dawn of the new century has brought more happiness to humanity and happiness. renovation works will be accompanied by the emergence of new construction, the diversification of people's lives, as well as the development of science and technology presents a colorful situation. architecture and decoration, through the late 20th century trend of retro, it is more is longing for a new era of construction and renovation, can bring about a more practical and beautiful, diverse housing and living space. <> the future performance of a new trend in interior design people will pay more attention to the ecological environment and individual performance. and fully reflect the overall artistic, highly modern, national culture, convenience features and expression of human emotion. The new methods, new theories emerging, showing colorful, and constantly explore new horizons. <> of the 20th century in many countries and regions, different level of a . the earth there are many historic buildings are preserved, there are more and more

Figure provides a beautiful enamel pot of students

 Image: provides a beautiful enamel pot of students come to see the number I have a list of statistical errors, and tomorrow I'll order now, for next weekend so that everyone can get a nice pot of tasty meals out.
Enamel If you do not often quote the original pot Internet Central Purchasing neighbor, the best way to send small window telling me to contact, inform you that the goods to the convenience. Thank you (original quote:

US-ROK military exercise in the old article on the occasion re-issued during the Cultural Revolution from the perspective of the war

 Eighth, if China implements Liu Shaoqi's America and dangerous, and even China may also prompted the U.S. to speed up the time of nuclear war and the removal of China's nuclear-armed Soviet Union and the United States together to carve up China's major disaster, the Soviet Communist Party and his minions have also been removed. The reason why is there such a counterproductive serious consequences, because:
1, the Chinese Communists after the October Revolution in Russia by the Soviet Communist Party (Bolshevik) and sent the Chinese-sponsored to come to set up with, is under the leadership of the Soviet Communist Party belongs to an Eastern branch of the Communist International, The reuse of the Soviet Communist Party leaders are those who most believe, have been removed since the Soviet Xiu, Qu and Li Lisan later, then through covert support from the Chinese Communist Party coup in the mercy of the Ming and their faithful agents gang. Mao Zedong and the CPC pro-Taiwan supporters of Mao in January 1935 on the Long March of the Zunyi Conference with the Soviet Union denied the wrong line of Wang Ming, was obtained from the Ming Group in the hands of leadership of the CPC, Mao Zedong offended the Soviet Communist Party on the anti-Stalin seized power, so the Soviet Communist Party is always not trust him, the past is the case of Stalin, Khrushchev and Brezhnev later even more so. And because the Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong defeated the Soviet times CPC and the Chinese attempt to become its movement, more so enraged the Soviet leadership of Mao hated.
Liu Shaoqi in the Chinese Communist Party's power and position and reputation is second only to Mao Zedong's second most powerful man, while the Chinese head of state. His long tight with Mao Zedong and the Soviet Union against Wang Ming Line and its subsidiary groups, but also against Soviet revisionism, Mao Zedong won the trust and reuse, hair and even put him as the successor to the President of the terms of the cross in his charge. Furthermore he was with the Soviet no inherent relationship between the organization and the actual communication, so is the Soviet Communist Party did not believe him. For the Soviet Communist Party,UGG boots cheap, the Liu wanted to the support of the Soviet Union away overthrow Mao's power struggle Liu Mao, or Mao Zedong, for fear of U.S. nuclear attack on the Soviet nuclear assistance to come forward to support Liu, Soviet Communist Party will not believe it is true that he surrendered the Soviet Union, reflexively defer to the Soviet move, but will be alert and suspect he has other ulterior motives. It's like the same suspicion Chiang Lin: Lin is the president of the Huangpu Military Academy Chiang Kai-shek a student after the end of World War Lin Biao, Mao Zedong sent to Chongqing to negotiate with the KMT's Chiang Kai-shek on the KMT-CPC cooperation matters, Im going to please every possible way after the former president Quedui flatter, meaning a great refuge. but because the forest is capable warrior hair, so he doubted Chiang and not always accepted, leading to Lin Biao bitterly with the response. a few years later Lin Biao during the Cultural Revolution because they have to But Liu's intention that gave the Soviet Communist Party for help to re-enter and control of the Party can provide an excellent opportunity. CPSU not only to support and help get rid of their most hated Liu Shaoqi, Mao Zedong, but also as an important exchange for the exile Wang Ming returned to China in the Soviet Union, so he re-entered the CPC central leadership. resurgence of the Ming in strong support of the Soviet Communist Party not only to re-set the original group of men of his comeback, but also the liquidation of its anti-Mao and Anti-Ming Su hair line, and it will always be followed by Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi involved, so that groups can in turn overthrown Ming Liu Shaoqi and his forces, once again won the CCP leadership. CPSU will be through the Ming regain the control and orders of the CPC, turning it into a real Soviet . So the request of the Soviet Communist Party for Liu understand clearly the real intention of the post is in conjunction with communication and will contact him in support, and Liu did not know he would become the Soviet Communist Party, Wang Ming, after Wang Ming to return to power without consent reset, the Soviet Communist Party can replace the support of Lin Biao Liu.
followed during the period of Lin Biao in Jinggangshan Mao Zedong, Mao's handpicked the most trusted, and also the Chinese military will fight the most, the most abundant record generals, and was wounded in the Battle of Pingxingguan after treatment and recuperate the Soviet Union during the Stalin not only to the Soviet-German War and the Soviet Command out some war tactics, and also close to Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party to curry favor with the performance, so won the Stalin the trust and esteem, to use Mao Zedong had said to Stalin Marshal of the Soviet Union for a ten Lin Biao.
Lin is not only pro-Soviet, and later the Vietnam War, also stands for Sino-US reconciliation .1965 on September 2, Lin Biao made to conduct the people's war of U.S. imperialism's speech, which aroused great attention and the U.S. nervous. McNamara's memoirs in the future, said: Chinese Defense Minister Lin Biao 2, the speech had an impact on us, Lin explained l r a generous people's war concept, called l in rural areas r (developing countries) through armed revolution to take over the city l r (industrialized countries). He ridiculed the U.S. forces in Vietnam, said Vietnamese people l r the class struggle is bound to expand around the United States suffered a shameful defeat. Johnson administration (including me) think that the speech clearly shows that the domino theory of r l a reasonable basis ; [Note 77]. It is clear that Lin Biao and the United States to play the speech has greatly stimulated the United States. So McNamara on November 7, 1965 a memorandum to the President stressed that: threat to China's important position in the world and a major influence in the State more bombing of the North. After the Lin Biao had also said: ; 571 After the overthrow of Mao, Lin can be used in support of Soviet guns in the hands of a military coup, and even the assassination of Liu Shaoqi, seize supreme power. However, although the pro-Soviet faction of Lin Biao, Mao's Red but has always been, to his Soviet also do not believe it. so down Liu in the forest, the CPSU will be invited back to Lin Biao Wang Ming, China, and finally to find ways to support real reflexively defer to the Soviet Union's right to Lin Biao Wang Ming Quduo to another through the Ming Group complete control and command of the Chinese Communists and the Soviet Union to become a vassal of the Chinese colony. Then the Soviet Union finally broke the original had been Mao Zedong's socialist camp uniform contiguous, truly led the formation of the Soviet Union, and the capital of the imperialist camp led by the U.S. parallel social imperialist camp, by the two camps were in contention for world hegemony and confront each other, even war and nuclear war, China will become a US-Soviet battle for the Soviet hegemony logistics service supplier and war cannon fodder; < br> 4, if Liu with the Soviet Union reached a Lin Biao's coup to stop living, and Lin Biao fell Ming Liu was not allowed to return home after seizing power reset, both want to rely on the Soviet Union against the United States, but also want to get Chiang Kai-shek's military dictatorship-style independent kingdom, in which case the Soviet Union or the forest for Liu ; joint US-Soviet war build a violation of the United States can block a huge strong confrontation, or even a conventional war between the two countries, the United States was delaying in the Vietnam and the Asia Pacific region. battle played the greater the more the United States also dragged to prison, this one more European defense the United States weakened, but they can not deployment of troops back from Europe and the Asia-Pacific rescue; the other hand, focus and most of China's military forces on the south and southeast coastal areas along the line, not a threat to the Soviet East, which the Soviet Union could no worries turn defensive to the offensive in Europe, take advantage of the virtual and into the great help. So is the Soviet Union and China, welcomed the expansion of the United States to expand the Vietnam War Vietnam War, the United States can hope to play together in Vietnam directly.
but as soon as possible if the United States defeat China in order to soldiers turn against Europe Soviet offensive but to launch a nuclear war against China, while China's Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao, or the danger of nuclear attack in the United States to request the Soviet Union to comply In support of China on public opinion support to Vietnam and reiterated when the U.S. nuclear attack on China's support for nuclear counter-attack, but is not specific on the actual assistance. At the same time as soon as possible uniform tendency of Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, Romania and Albania, and increase military pressure on Western Europe. This will make China and the U.S. escalation of the war in Vietnam, China and the U.S. economy are all services are overwhelmed by the war will collapse. Once the United States occurred military collision is really a fight, the Soviet Union sent troops to the west, the first scored by Austria, Greece and Finland, to build one from the southern Mediterranean to Central Europe, Austria and the Czech Republic, East Germany, Poland and then to Northern Europe and Finland in the North Sea powerful starting position of the west front, for the near future of West Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and other countries to enter the large-scale sweep across Western Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe to make all the practical preparations from the defensive to offensive. And at this time, the Soviet Union and fast to Central Asia, Mongolia and the Soviet Union in the Far East, Mongolia border to send a large number of troops, ready for occupation of China.
At this time, the United States to save the failure in Vietnam and the Asia-Pacific and Europe is not to keep pumping soldiers the Soviet Union captured, it is necessary to implement large-scale nuclear strike on China, the Soviet Union to help China to the United States as if the nuclear counterattack, the U.S. will be in Europe to launch a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union, Soviet and U.S. nuclear war in this world will be a lose-lose , will be destroyed, so the Soviet Union the United States for their own security and interests and may take the following actions:
(1), the Soviet Union secretly communicate with the United States, between the two countries have agreed to immediately stop the Soviet nuclear assistance to China in Asia, Europe and nuclear war occurred, the United States not to launch a full nuclear attack on China and the Soviet Union of nuclear war, the Soviet Union and China not to attack Western Europe, nuclear assistance;
(2), and then, or the U.S. base in the Chinese nuclear weapons facilities in surgical practice Surgical removal of style, but not China launched a large-scale conventional war and nuclear war; the Soviet Union by the hands of the United States to get rid of China's nuclear weapons, and to help China to resist U.S. aggression on the grounds to build the border in northern China, the Soviet Union heavily rapid cross-border east, south, and soon occupied the whole territory of China and North Vietnam, North Korea, and Lin Liu or control them replaced by the Ming Group, which completed in China, North Vietnam and North Korea complete the annexation;
(3), or the United States to launch nuclear attack on China is still, and led the country out of millions of minion army from Vietnam, China and North Korea invaded the coastal mainland China with the Chinese military war. Zeyi aid to China against the United States under the pretext of taking advantage of the Soviet army gathered in the south and coastal China, anti- the occasion of the United States invaded the north of China empty, uniform, or Lin Liu. Then the Yangtze River as the boundary with the United States to carve up China, the North by the Soviet occupied zone control of Wang Ming as the agent of the Soviet Union, the U.S. occupied zone south of Chiang Kai-shek regime, the KMT took over. < br> nineteenth, Mao Zedong and how to do a series of big problems?
for Yinkennidi Johnson came to power expansion of the assassination which led to the Vietnam War, China sent troops to Vietnam to help solve the problem and the infinite Liu Shaoqi and other pro-Soviet Communist party faction to United States, the body will lose the right to kill evil situation and therefore will bring disaster in China, he knows it. So the one hand, Mao Zedong launched the United States in any case this is not a nuclear war on China, on the other hand must not be allowed to Liu Shaoqi following this will bring bad luck in China's This catastrophe of nuclear war from the United States; For the latter, only to Liu and his supporters were dismissed from office the right to cut in order to deter and defeat their But, as said before, because China has an unlimited assistance to Vietnam's strong commitment to not go back and go against the Chinese troops withdraw aid against the United States will lead to salvation war failed in Vietnam, China for will because;
1, mentioned above, Liu not only in the position of power and prestige of the people is second only to Mao Zedong's second most powerful man, and because he is responsible for party affairs and long-term economic development work, and seize every favorable opportunity to expand their own party and government power, so the early sixties, mid-line leadership of either the central or local party and government at all levels of those in power, the overwhelming majority of his supporters and those who listen up , also in the military who support him and accept his transfer, and even around some of Mao Zedong's personal staff are anti-Mao and Liu Fan Liu tipped off to. can be seen at this time Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi already have a much more powerful than the power of party and government organizations, Mao Zedong in the central party and government has a minority status in the absolute power changed hands, has been sidelined. so he can not recall using the powers of the Chairman Liu Shaoqi and many owned by, and as long as the intention of revealing the strike Liu, Liu Shaoqi and will be alerted Liu Yong who encourage them to pre-empt the hands ahead with the Soviet Union, Central Committee meeting in the advantages won by the majority of Mao's power, then committed a serious mistake with Mao Zedong informed the whole Party and army on the grounds, the gross denial and ruined;
2, unlimited Vietnam War, sent troops to help, to defend the motherland and the Vietnam War against the United States prepared to fight a battle with the United States, even at a nuclear war, the commitment and determination to Mao himself advocated and implemented, but also the CPC Central Committee and China, countries have identified the route of internationalism and anti-American strategic decision-making. Shaoqi as the party's second in command, the country's top leaders, but also stressed the need to prepare an infinite Vietnam War and the early fight with the United States played the full play, and promised to aid the war the initiative to Vietnam, although some left-behaved, but fully in line with Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee's anti-American line and the Vietnam War decision-making, there is nothing wrong and loss management of the place. that time, China's economic and military power and nuclear power rather weak, the U.S. may soon wage war on China and nuclear war, China has not strong enough to make their own nuclear attack against the United States live in the time and conditions. In order to make China a nuclear war against the United States launched the disaster, to the United at that time was a socialist country and key members of the Soviet Union, the socialist camp, the common anti-American war the United States, for this reason, and demands nothing wrong with it. so if Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi to infinity with the United States played the Vietnam War and the United States strategic intent. This is bound to make most people inside and outside the home and abroad simply can not understand but difficult to accept, but will that Mao Zedong was in the duplicity, the tether, ready to surrender to the United States by any means to the whole yield Liu Shaoqi.
more important is really to do so if Mao, Liu Shaoqi and supporters will not only disturb, but also alarmed also advocated Joint and instigated a pro-Soviet Communist Party forest within the government, and military use of its absolute majority, also complementary to the common attacks and removal of Mao Zedong. Zedong have lost effective control over the party and government, and now lost the support of the armed forces, coupled with the Soviet Communist Party Liu Lin's backing or even help solve the problem by force, in the attack outside of these three will not only lose his right to die, but also encourage them instead of the of lies, even if there are ways to Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Yong Liu Bale's government, to stabilize the Lin Biao and the Soviet Communist Party, but also did stop aid to Vietnam and the withdrawal of the United States to avoid nuclear war against China, but all this the result is that the Soviet Union would move to attract more Chinese stir up civil strife and war of aggression launched by more large-scale conventional and nuclear war. The reason why such a dangerous situation will occur because:
(1), Mao Zedong, if stop aid to Vietnam withdrawal and the right cut for Liu dismissed from office, it will greatly weaken the South Vietnamese people's war against the United States, the United States will increase due to ease military pressure on the more offensive, and can out power to the top of the Soviet Union to Europe. this time the Soviet Union Liu lost the one hand, this can be combined within the Communist Party to overthrow the Soviet Union, Mao Zedong and the pro-Soviet forces, it also lost the support to Vietnam or China can take advantage of the United States to contain China and the U.S. war in Vietnam and the Asia Pacific and weakened the favorable conditions, playing chaotic turn defense into offense to take advantage of the virtual wins EU military deployment in the strategic plan and, only in Europe to turn soldiers with the NATO allies from the United States and preparations for war against. As a result, the strategic focus will be from the United States for China's Asia-Pacific re-transferred to the Euro-Atlantic region to counter the Soviet Union, US-Soviet rivalry and conflict in Europe will rise as the main contradiction is likely to continue the development of war;
(2), the most worried about fear of the Soviet Union at this time that if true would be the United States and its allies in Europe, a military confrontation or even a large-scale ground war and nuclear war, it must be all out in the West, ready to battle, so also will result in the weak Eastern Asia and emptiness. China already has nuclear weapons is likely to act independently, or jointly with the United States, while the eastern part of the Soviet Union attacked the virtual and the Soviet Union caught the two lines will be in Asia and Europe into the U.S. attack got hit on similar occasions;
(3) To avoid this kind of thing the two fronts of the danger and failed, the Soviet Union, in China exit Vietnam, China and the U.S. has no war and the Soviet Union the United States before going to war in Europe, China, the back must be to eliminate the risk, so China will adopt a and empowering them to engage in a military coup to seize power shaving. if successful, can be resumed by the Soviet Union under the control of the Chinese, and to continue large-scale assistance to the Vietnam War the United States, the United States, the main drag and then returned to Vietnam from Europe and Asia, which will be China in the East, the Soviet Union in the West while the United States on the offensive; so-called defeated the Chinese to fight paralysis and to the occupation destroyed in order to clear the back of the enemy advance, to return to war Europe division. the Soviet Union before World War I in Europe and the United States to do so, and throughout Europe in Germany after World War II was about to attack British and American west, when suddenly a large scale return in triumph East strike, invasion of the Soviet Union some of the same situation.
1941 Germany had occupied the year, including France, half of the European continent, and to play the British defeat and flee, and continued bombing of the British Isles for the implementation of months, that is, quick to beat before the winter comes and the demise of the Soviet Union. Hitler so to return in triumph East hit the main considerations are: as long as true to a large-scale attack on the United Kingdom, Germany and all over the world, the Commonwealth Group, will surely provoke support for the United Kingdom with whom the United States for the war. and Germany in economic and military power, resources, population, popular support and other aspects and is not large compared to the dominant Anglo-American Group, the German effort to fight West, it will be difficult for long-term support. is especially important that the Soviet Union in the socialist East Germany was second in the world power, it is a vast country, population and resources, military power. Although Germany signed a nonaggression treaty with it, but if the west to the full German Qingchao Britain beat the United States attack, the front extended to the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, Middle East, West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Indian Ocean and South America and other parts of the world, will make the front stretch, strength significantly detract from the domestic back empty, the eastern line of defense against the Soviet Union will be more weak. Once the war is tight, or have lost track, or the US-British cooperation with the Soviet Union, powerful and at the initiative of the Soviet Union can be easily copied at any time thereafter Road, scoring Germany and occupied Europe, Germany will be caught Passing, among the two fronts are unable to resist, will be lost. Therefore, in order later to the south and east and west, the full gravitropic to attack British and American group, won the world hegemony, it must be destroyed before this back to the Soviet Union, in advance Looking Back rid of this terrible suffering.
not the Soviet Union in the U.S. war in Vietnam, will fight in China after the reason is largely the same as the year Germany invaded the Soviet Union, in order to avoid attacked front and rear, while two fronts China, the early elimination of the enemy back, which is actually a China to avoid the United States launched a nuclear war disaster? how to do except strike Liu Lin, defeat them or to the hair together or successively in the seizure of power action to avoid their impending massacre by the Soviet Union and China, the United States divided up the Soviet Union or embezzled it? and how to do Before the attack against the Soviet Union to China to launch special European large-scale conventional aggression and nuclear war, it, etc., which are placed before him big problems need to be resolved. So how should we do Mao?
twenty, Mao Zedong To do that there is no other way, only calm, courageous and prudent to overcome and solve them one by one, only China's security and survival of themselves from impending massacre. but to solve these problems, it seems that they only handle mutual relations and to do the following assist in the work of the escalation of the war, very useful to take advantage of virtual attack the Soviet Union in Europe, the U.S. soldiers to turn against the Soviet Union must first defeat and the war of aggression against China and launched a nuclear war. But, as said before, the Sino-US economic and military strength that much difference in particular, China's missile for the young and weak nuclear forces too, after the Soviet Union have launched a massive war of aggression against China, so China can get though the victory of the U.S. conventional war, but can not win the United States launched a nuclear war, but can not to resist the Soviet invasion of nuclear holocaust. Therefore, if China wants to avoid the first two US-Soviet nuclear war after the disaster, Unlimited Vietnam War commitment to withdrawal under the assistance and retreat, but this does not make the peoples of Vietnam and China and the world public opinion against the withdrawal of aid withdrawal is a commitment to the original Vietnam War, would not be opposed and accused China, Vietnam China not to block withdrawal of troops;
(2), Exit the Vietnam War, but to make the United States still afraid of China, not the Chinese use of force, did not dare to cross the line of attack on North Vietnam and the seventh degree of use of nuclear weapons in Vietnam;
(3), Saving the war against the United States suffers defeat in Vietnam after the withdrawal of Chinese assistance to stop the goods and still have adequate supply of arms to ensure that can continue to play the United States and its defeat;
(4), The more the United States to see China's withdrawal is a withdrawal of aid to help bail out the U.S. troop movements on the Soviet Union and can be, is to save the United States, after the battle with the United States, which prompted the United States but also to advance hand, wiped out in China;
(5), , also 2, as mentioned earlier, the U.S. military to protect the first addition to the Front in Europe and sub-To war of aggression against China launched by conventional and nuclear war, the Soviet Union won another war in Europe for the first addition to the U.S. troubles, but also to wage war on China and nuclear war. but the two compared to China, the former is easier to solve some of the latter being much more formidable, and its war in scale, intensity, extent of damage to the tragic loss of the latter have much larger than the former. This is Because:
First, the United States from China across the Pacific, but there is no direct scored China embarked on the land frontier positions, all have to rely on sea, air, landing and supply, which gives deployment of troops, war material and equipment mobilization and bring very large transport difficulties and inconvenience, I really want to send millions of troops landed and easy to attack mainland China;
Secondly, if the U.S. nuclear attack on China only and not to send troops to capture a large number of the mainland, not only has no real benefits available, either by hand, the Soviet Union gathered in the main United States Vietnam, Korea and China Southern occasion of war with the Chinese army, took the opportunity and scored the empty weak across the Atlantic almost equal to Europe, the Americas; or eliminate use of the hands of the United States immediately after the Chinese nuclear power to send troops south, swept across China, its exclusive annexation, the result is great to take advantage of the Soviet Union, the United States eat their losses, unless prior collusion between the Soviet Union reached a deal to carve up China, but also the United States have some good;
Furthermore, Chinese people and Chinese military are good at playing the anti-imperialist aggression against the people's war, so even if the U.S. led military servants to visit China's coastal areas, or from Vietnam and North Korea into Chinese territory, but it is difficult to hold water.
more important is that because China is no longer exit the Vietnam War, Vietnam War, in particular, but not send troops to assist in the withdrawal, will be able to reduce the U.S. military defeat in Vietnam, the domestic anti-war and the Soviet Union to pressure the West into a free hand to Europe to be anti-Soviet, the United States because we obtained the help of Chinese retreat to avoid war, but also Europe and lines in order to avoid combat, but also will stop the war and nuclear war with China, the United States in the war would be unlikely.
Soviet Union, however, the situation has to different, it has a lot better than the U.S. invasion of conditions: for example, it and Marine forces fighting the strongest and most fierce, it should over a hundred thousand, millions of well-equipped, mobility and firepower of the elite attack force, and a large number of recent medium-range nuclear missiles with multiple warheads to mobilize large equivalent deployed near the border with China Far East, Mongolia and Central Asia, the long-range strategic nuclear missiles at targets in Beijing and vital, efficient and convenient, very easy;
example, China's heavy industry base in the Far East it is associated with the three northeastern provinces, nuclear base near Mongolia's north-west, away from the capital, Beijing, only a few hundred kilometers of the Sino-Mongolian border, the Soviet Union have operations in China's history of the war against Japan, Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, topography, social and human well aware of the situation, and have a wealth of combat experience . and it has a powerful Pacific Fleet arrived quickly the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea and East China Sea in northern and eastern coastal areas of China, so to attack and occupation of these places is very easy;
another example, the U.S. aggression against China has been Most of the military center of gravity and the front-line troops deployed in the south and southeast coast, including the northeast, northwest and northern China-Mongolia border region, the entire defense is relatively weak, which the Soviet Union can be copied from the north line of the virtual and the attack to take advantage of China's posterior with the most excellent facilities, which beat China than the United States much easier.
As mentioned earlier, the Soviet Union transferred to and from Vietnam, the Asia-Pacific from the United States, NATO troops in Europe before World War II battle for the first occurrence of troubles is a must in addition launched a massive war of aggression against China, this avalanche of millions of Soviet power, the rapid three-dimensional offensive attack and nuclear sea and air offensive to destroy China's nuclear forces will be instant and strategically, and quickly captured the northern and eastern coastal areas, as well as the whole territory of China. So out of Mao Zedong in China and the Soviet Union, when the Vietnam War before the invasion of China ; must When the Soviet attack in Europe to take advantage of the virtual North America will meet later copied into the road, taking the Far East, Mongolia, Siberia;
(2), front in the defense and military center of gravity northward shift of the deployed forces, adjusting the deployment, or the Soviet Union, China, in so doing will not find such as military aggression against the Soviet Union and the front to mobilize the transfer action, but not Mao Zedong's strategic intent that the move, and wait until it finds Shique late, China's combat against Soviet aggression has already done for;
(3), China and the Soviet Union launched the modern conventional war and nuclear war is extremely violent powerful China on its own is very difficult to resist the power of resistance is maintained, so the Chinese efforts and effectiveness. that is, when you really want to launch a massive invasion of the Soviet Union of nuclear war, will find China not only has line in the north make the fight against aggression in all its actual preparation, but also has received strong international support, it can not under the nuclear button, and the Qin Bing Gong in China;
(4), both US-Soviet competition that exists between the relationship and collaboration, so did not pro-American forces in the United States can help. Since the Chinese Communists defeated the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek's regime fled to Taiwan, especially in the U.S. occupation of Taiwan and launching wars of aggression against Korea and China as an enemy after the Chinese Communists on the mainland forces wiped out the remnants of Chiang ...